Saer de Quincy

M, b. 1155, d. 3 November 1219
Father*Robert de Quincy
Mother*Orabilis of Leuchars
Charts
Lucretia Proctor Pedigree Chart (#1)
Lucretia Proctor Pedigree Chart (#2)
Life EventDateDescription
MarriageSaer de Quincy married Margaret de Beaumont, daughter of Robert de Beaumont and Petronilla (?).
Birth1155Saer de Quincy was born in 1155.
He was the son of Robert de Quincy and Orabilis of Leuchars.
Death3 November 1219Saer de Quincy died on 3 November 1219.
DateLocationDescription
Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester (1155 – 3rd November 1219) was one of the leaders of the baronial rebellion against King John of England, and a major figure in both Scotland and England in the decades around the turn of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.

Saer de Quincy's immediate background was in the Scottish kingdom: his father was a knight in the service of king William the Lion, and his mother was the heiress of the lordship of Leuchars in Fife (see below). His rise to prominence in England came through his marriage to Margaret, the younger sister of Robert de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Leicester: but it is probably no coincidence that her other brother was the de Quincys' powerful Fife neighbour, Roger de Beaumont, Bishop of St Andrews. In 1204, Earl Robert died, leaving Margaret as co-heiress of the vast earldom along with her elder sister. The estate was split in half, and after the final division was ratified in 1207, de Quincy was made Earl of Winchester.

Following his marriage, de Quincy became a prominent military and diplomatic figure in England. There is no evidence of any close alliance with King John, however, and his rise to importance was probably due to his newly-acquired magnate status and the family connections that underpinned it.

One man with whom he does seem to have developed a close personal relationship is his cousin, Robert Fitzwalter. They are first found together in 1203, as co-commanders of the garrison at the major fortress of Vaudreuil in Normandy; they were responsible for surrendering the castle without a fight to Philip II of France, fatally weakening the English position in northern France, but although popular opinion seems to have blamed them for the capitulation, a royal writ is extant stating that the castle was surrendered at King John's command, and both Saer and Fitzwalter had to endure personal humiliation and heavy ransoms at the hands of the French.

In Scotland, he was perhaps more successful. In 1211-12, the Earl of Winchester commanded an imposing retinue of a hundred knights and a hundred serjeants in William the Lion's campaign against the Mac William rebels, a force which some historians have suggested may have been the mercenary force from Brabant lent to the campaign by John.

In 1215, when the baronial rebellion broke out, Robert Fitzwalter became the military commander, and the Earl of Winchester joined him, acting as one of the chief negotiators with John; both cousins were among the 25 guarantors of the Magna Carta. De Quincy fought against John in the troubles that followed the signing of the Charter, and, again with Fitzwalter, travelled to France to invite Prince Louis of France to take the English throne. He and Fitzwalter were subsequently among the most committed and prominent supporters of Louis' candidature for the kingship, against both John and the infant Henry III.

When military defeat cleared the way for Henry III to take the throne, de Quincy went on crusade, perhaps in fulfillment of an earlier vow, and in 1219 he left to join the Fifth Crusade, then besieging Damietta. While in the east, he fell sick and died. He was buried in Acre, the capital of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, rather than in Egypt, and his heart was brought back and interred at Garendon Abbey near Loughborough, a house endowed by his wife's family.

The family of de Quincy had arrived in England after the Norman Conquest, and took their name from Cuinchy in the Arrondissement of Béthune; the personal name "Saer" was used by them over several generations. Both names are variously spelled in primary sources and older modern works, the first name being sometimes rendered Saher or Seer, and the surname as Quency or Quenci.

The first recorded Saer de Quincy (known to historians as "Saer I") was lord of the manor of Long Buckby in Northamptonshire in the earlier twelfth century, and second husband of Matilda of St Liz, stepdaughter of King David I of Scotland by Maud of Northumbria. This marriage produced two sons, Saer II and Robert de Quincy. It was Robert, the younger son, who was the father of the Saer de Quincy who eventually became Earl of Winchester. By her first husband Robert Fitz Richard, Matilda was also the paternal grandmother of Earl Saer's close ally, Robert Fitzwalter.

Robert de Quincy seems to have inherited no English lands from his father, and pursued a knightly career in Scotland, where he is recorded from around 1160 as a close companion of his cousin, King William the Lion. By 1170 he had married Orabilis, heiress of the Scottish lordship of Leuchars and, through her, he became lord of an extensive complex of estates north of the border which included lands in Fife, Strathearn and Lothian.

Saer de Quincy, the son of Robert de Quincy and Orabilis of Leuchars, was raised largely in Scotland. His absence from English records for the first decades of his life has led some modern historians and genealogists to confuse him with his uncle, Saer II, who took part in the rebellion of Henry the Young King in 1173, when the future Earl of Winchester can have been no more than a toddler. Saer II's line ended without direct heirs, and his nephew and namesake would eventually inherit his estate, uniting his primary Scottish holdings with the family's Northamptonshire patrimony, and possibly some lands in France.

By his wife Margaret de Beaumont, Saer de Quincy had three sons and three daughters:

Lorette who married Sir William de Valognes
Arabella who married Sir Richard Harcourt
Robert (d. 1217), before 1206 he married Hawise of Chester, Countess of Lincoln, sister and co-heiress of Ranulf de Blundeville, Earl of Chester.
Roger, who succeeded his father as earl of Winchester (though he did not take formal possession of the earldom until after his mother's death);
Robert de Quincy (second son of that name; d. 1257) who married Helen, daughter of the Welsh prince Llywelyn the Great;
Hawise, who married Hugh de Vere, 4th Earl of Oxford.1

Children of Saer de Quincy and Margaret de Beaumont

Citations

  1. [S369] Encyclopedia website, by compilation, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saer_de_Quincy,_1st_Earl_of_Winchester.

Robert de Quincy

M
Father*Saer I de Quincy
Mother*Matilda of St Liz
Charts
Lucretia Proctor Pedigree Chart
Life EventDateDescription
Robert de Quincy was the son of Saer I de Quincy and Matilda of St Liz.
MarriageRobert de Quincy married Orabilis of Leuchars.

Child of Robert de Quincy and Orabilis of Leuchars

Orabilis of Leuchars

F
Charts
Lucretia Proctor Pedigree Chart
Name TypeDateDescription
Married NameHer married name was de Quincy.
Life EventDateDescription
MarriageOrabilis of Leuchars married Robert de Quincy, son of Saer I de Quincy and Matilda of St Liz.

Child of Orabilis of Leuchars and Robert de Quincy

Hawise de Quincy

F
Father*Saer de Quincy b. 1155, d. 3 Nov 1219
Mother*Margaret de Beaumont
Charts
Viola Loretta McClain Friede Pedigree Chart
Lucretia Proctor Pedigree Chart
Name TypeDateDescription
Married NameHer married name was de Vere.
Life EventDateDescription
Hawise de Quincy was the daughter of Saer de Quincy and Margaret de Beaumont.
MarriageHawise de Quincy married Hugh de Vere, son of Robert de Vere and Isabel de Bolebec.

Child of Hawise de Quincy and Hugh de Vere

Hugh de Vere

M, b. circa 1210, d. December 1263
Father*Robert de Vere d. 1221
Mother*Isabel de Bolebec b. 1165, d. 3 Feb 1245
Charts
Viola Loretta McClain Friede Pedigree Chart
Lucretia Proctor Pedigree Chart
Life EventDateDescription
MarriageHugh de Vere married Hawise de Quincy, daughter of Saer de Quincy and Margaret de Beaumont.
Birthcirca 1210Hugh de Vere was born circa 1210.
He was the son of Robert de Vere and Isabel de Bolebec.
DeathDecember 1263Hugh de Vere died in December 1263.
DateLocationDescription
Hugh de Vere, 4th Earl of Oxford (c. 1210–December, 1263) was the only child and heir of Robert de Vere, 3rd Earl of Oxford, born circa 1208. When his father died in 1221, his mother Isabel de Bolebec paid for wardship of her son and heir. Hugh did homage for his earldom in 1231. He was knighted around the same time.

He supposedly took part in the Seventh Crusade in 1248–1254. He purchased the right to hold a market at the town on his primary estate, Castle Hedingham in Essex, and founded a nunnery there as well. Hugh married Hawise de Quincy, daughter of Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester, and his wife, Margaret de Beaumont. When he died in 1263, he was succeeded by his son Robert de Vere, 5th Earl of Oxford.1

Child of Hugh de Vere and Hawise de Quincy

Citations

  1. [S369] Encyclopedia website, by compilation, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_de_Vere,_4th_Earl_of_Oxford.

Robert de Vere

M, d. 1221
Father*Aubrey III de Vere b. c 1115, d. Dec 1194
Mother*Agnes of Essex b. c 1151, d. c 1212
Charts
Lucretia Proctor Pedigree Chart
Life EventDateDescription
Robert de Vere was the son of Aubrey III de Vere and Agnes of Essex.
MarriageRobert de Vere married Isabel de Bolebec.
Death1221Robert de Vere died in 1221.
DateLocationDescription
Robert de Vere (died 1221) was the second surviving son of Aubrey de Vere III, first earl of Oxford, and Agnes of Essex. Almost nothing of his life is known until he married in 1207 the widow Isabel de Bolebec, the aunt and co-heiress of his deceased sister-in-law. The couple had one child, a son, Hugh, later 4th earl of Oxford. When Robert's brother Aubrey de Vere IV, 2nd earl of Oxford died in Oct. 1214, Robert succeeded to his brother's title, estates, castles, and hereditary office of master chamberlain of England (later Lord Great Chamberlain). He swiftly joined the disaffected barons in opposition to King John; many among the rebels were his kinsmen. He was elected one of the twenty-five barons who were to ensure the king's adherence to the terms of Magna Carta, and as such was excommunicated by Pope Innocent III in 1215.

King John besieged and took Castle Hedingham, Essex, from Robert in March 1216 and gave his lands to a loyal baron. While this prompted Robert to swear loyalty to the king soon thereafter, he nonetheless did homage to Prince Louis when the French prince arrived in Rochester later that year. He remained in the rebel camp until Oct. 1217, when he did homage to the boy-king Henry III, but he was not fully restored in his offices and lands until Feb. 1218.[1]

At this time, aristocratic marriages were routinely contracted after negotiations over dowry and dower. In most cases, dower lands were assigned from the estates held by the groom at the time of the marriage. If specific dower lands were not named, on the death of the husband the widow was entitled to one-third of his estate. When Robert's brother Earl Aubrey married a second time, he did not name a dower for his wife Alice, for Robert determined the division of his estate by having lots drawn. For each manor his sister-in-law drew, he drew two. This is the sole known case of assigning dower lands in this manner.

Robert served as a king's justice in 1220-21, and died in Oct. 1221. He was buried at Hatfield Regis Priory, where his son Earl Hugh or grandson Earl Robert later had an effigy erected. Earl Robert is depicted in chain mail, cross-legged, pulling his sword from its scabbard and holding a shield with the arms of the Veres. [2]1

Child of Robert de Vere and Isabel de Bolebec

Citations

  1. [S369] Encyclopedia website, by compilation, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_de_Vere,_3rd_Earl_of_Oxford.

Agnes of Essex

F, b. circa 1151, d. circa 1212
Charts
Lucretia Proctor Pedigree Chart
Name TypeDateDescription
Married NameHer married name was de Vere.
Life EventDateDescription
MarriageAgnes of Essex married Aubrey III de Vere, son of Aubrey II de Vere and Alice de Clare.
Birthcirca 1151Agnes of Essex was born circa 1151.
Deathcirca 1212She died circa 1212.
DateLocationDescription
Agnes of Essex, countess of Oxford (c. 1151 – c. 1212) was the daughter of Henry of Essex and his second wife. She was betrothed at age three to Geoffrey de Vere, brother of the first earl of Oxford, and turned over to the Veres soon thereafter. Agnes later rejected the match with Geoffrey and by 1163 had married his brother Aubrey de Vere III, the earl (died 1194), as his third wife.

After her father's disgrace and forfeiture of lands and offices in that year, the earl sought to have his marriage annulled. Agnes fought the action. On May 9, 1166, she appealed her case from the court of the bishop of London to the pope (the archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Becket, being in exile at the time). While the case was pending in Rome, the earl kept Agnes confined in one of his three castles, for which the bishop of London Gilbert Foliot reprimanded Aubrey. Pope Alexander III ruled in her favor, thus establishing the right and requirement of consent by females in betrothal and the sacrament of marriage.

The couple may have co-operated in the founding of a Benedictine nunnery near their castle at Castle Hedingham, Essex. Countess Agnes survived her husband and paid the crown for the right to remain unmarried in 1198. She died sometime in or after 1212 and was buried in the Vere mausoleum, Colne Priory, Essex.

Many have followed the mistake of antiquarians in believing the third wife of earl Aubrey to have been named Lucia. A woman of this name was prioress at Castle Hedingham Priory. On Lucia's death, a mortuary or roll was carried to many religious houses in the region requesting prayers, and in the preface of that document Lucia is called the foundress of the priory. As the countess presumably cooperated with her husband in the founding of the house, the erroneous assumption was made that the prioress was in fact the earl's widow.[1]

Agnes bore her husband four sons and a daughter, including two future earls of Oxford: Aubrey IV and Robert I. Her daughter Alice married 1) Ernulf de Kemesech, 2) John, constable of Chester. Their son Henry may have become chancellor of Hereford Cathedral in the bishopric of his uncle, William de Vere, and later a royal clerk under King John of England.[2]1

Children of Agnes of Essex and Aubrey III de Vere

Citations

  1. [S369] Encyclopedia website, by compilation, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnes_of_Essex

Geoffrey de Vere

M
Father*Aubrey II de Vere b. c 1080, d. 1141
Mother*Alice de Clare b. c 1077, d. 1163
Life EventDateDescription
Geoffrey de Vere was the son of Aubrey II de Vere and Alice de Clare.

Aubrey IV de Vere

M, d. 1214
Father*Aubrey III de Vere b. c 1115, d. Dec 1194
Mother*Agnes of Essex b. c 1151, d. c 1212
Life EventDateDescription
Aubrey IV de Vere was the son of Aubrey III de Vere and Agnes of Essex.
Death1214Aubrey IV de Vere died in 1214.

Saer I de Quincy

M
Life EventDateDescription
MarriageSaer I de Quincy married Matilda of St Liz, daughter of Simon of St Liz and Maud of Northumbria.

Children of Saer I de Quincy and Matilda of St Liz

Saer II de Quincy

M
Father*Saer I de Quincy
Mother*Matilda of St Liz
Life EventDateDescription
Saer II de Quincy was the son of Saer I de Quincy and Matilda of St Liz.

Simon of St Liz

M, d. 1109
Name TypeDateDescription
Name VariationSimon of St Liz was also known as de Senlis.
Life EventDateDescription
Marriage1090Simon of St Liz married Maud of Northumbria, daughter of Waltheof of Northumbria and Judith of Lens, in 1090.
Death1109Simon of St Liz died in 1109.

Children of Simon of St Liz and Maud of Northumbria

Walteof of St Liz

M, b. 1100, d. circa 1159
Father*Simon of St Liz d. 1109
Mother*Maud of Northumbria b. 1074, d. 1130
Name TypeDateDescription
Name VariationWalteof of St Liz was also known as de Senlis.
Life EventDateDescription
Birth1100Walteof of St Liz was born in 1100.
He was the son of Simon of St Liz and Maud of Northumbria.
Deathcirca 1159Walteof of St Liz died circa 1159.

Simon II de Senlis

M, d. 1153
Father*Simon of St Liz d. 1109
Mother*Maud of Northumbria b. 1074, d. 1130
Life EventDateDescription
Simon II de Senlis was the son of Simon of St Liz and Maud of Northumbria.
MarriageSimon II de Senlis married Isabel de Beaumont, daughter of Robert de Beaumont and Amica de Gael.
Death1153Simon II de Senlis died in 1153.
DateLocationDescription
Simon II de Senlis (died 1153) was an Anglo-Norman nobleman. He was the son of Simon I de Senlis, Earl of Huntingdon-Northampton and Maud, Countess of Huntingdon. He married Isabel, daughter of Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester.

He was prominent in The Anarchy, fighting for Stephen of England in 1141 at the Battle of Lincoln. He continued to support Stephen's side; R. H. C. Davis calls him 'staunch' and 'consistently loyal'[1] and surmises that Simon calculated that if the Empress Matilda won, his earldom of Northampton would be taken over by David of Scotland.[2]

Simon was rewarded by becoming Earl of Huntingdon. He died in 1153 just before Henry II of England took over.1

Citations

  1. [S369] Encyclopedia website, by compilation, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_II_de_St_Liz,_4th_Earl_of_Huntingdon_and_Northampton.

Isabel de Beaumont

F, b. after 1120
Father*Robert de Beaumont b. 1104, d. 5 Apr 1168
Mother*Amica de Gael
Name TypeDateDescription
Married NameHer married name was de Senlis.
Life EventDateDescription
MarriageIsabel de Beaumont married Simon II de Senlis, son of Simon of St Liz and Maud of Northumbria.
Birthafter 1120Isabel de Beaumont was born after 1120.
She was the daughter of Robert de Beaumont and Amica de Gael.

Elen ferch Llywelyn

F, b. circa 1206, d. 1253
Father*Prince Llywelyn the Great ab Iorwerth b. c 1173, d. 11 Apr 1240
Mother*Joan Plantagenet b. c 1191, d. 2 Feb 1237
Name TypeDateDescription
Married NameHer married name was de Quincy.
Name VariationElen ferch Llywelyn was also known as Helen.
Life EventDateDescription
MarriageElen ferch Llywelyn married Robert de Quincy, son of Saer de Quincy and Margaret de Beaumont.
Birthcirca 1206Elen ferch Llywelyn was born circa 1206.
She was the daughter of Prince Llywelyn the Great ab Iorwerth and Joan Plantagenet.
Death1253Elen ferch Llywelyn died in 1253.
DateLocationDescription
Elen ferch Llywelyn (c. 1206 – 1253) was the daughter of Llywelyn the Great of Gwynedd in north Wales by Lady Joan, daughter of King John of England.

Elen married John de Scotia, Earl of Chester, in about 1222. He died aged thirty in 1237, and she was forced by King Henry III to marry Sir Robert de Quincy. Their daughter, Hawise, married Baldwin Wake, Lord Wake of Lidel. Hawise and Baldwin’s granddaughter, Margaret Wake, was the mother of Joan of Kent, later Princess of Wales. Thus the blood of Llywelyn Fawr passed into the English royal family through King Richard II.1

Child of Elen ferch Llywelyn and Robert de Quincy

Citations

  1. [S369] Encyclopedia website, by compilation, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elen_ferch_Llywelyn

Robert de Quincy

M, d. 1257
Father*Saer de Quincy b. 1155, d. 3 Nov 1219
Mother*Margaret de Beaumont
Life EventDateDescription
BirthRobert de Quincy was born at second son with that name.
He was the son of Saer de Quincy and Margaret de Beaumont.
MarriageRobert de Quincy married Elen ferch Llywelyn, daughter of Prince Llywelyn the Great ab Iorwerth and Joan Plantagenet.
Death1257Robert de Quincy died in 1257.

Child of Robert de Quincy and Elen ferch Llywelyn

Hawise de Quincy

F
Father*Robert de Quincy d. 1257
Mother*Elen ferch Llywelyn b. c 1206, d. 1253
Name TypeDateDescription
Married NameHer married name was Wake.
Life EventDateDescription
Hawise de Quincy was the daughter of Robert de Quincy and Elen ferch Llywelyn.
MarriageHawise de Quincy married Baldwin Wake, son of Hugh Wake and Joan de Stuteville.

Child of Hawise de Quincy and Baldwin Wake

Baldwin Wake

M, b. before 1241, d. 1282
Father*Hugh Wake d. 1241
Mother*Joan de Stuteville
Name TypeDateDescription
Name VariationBaldwin Wake was also known as Baldewinus.
Life EventDateDescription
MarriageBaldwin Wake married Hawise de Quincy, daughter of Robert de Quincy and Elen ferch Llywelyn.
Birthbefore 1241Baldwin Wake was born before 1241.
He was the son of Hugh Wake and Joan de Stuteville.
Death1282Baldwin Wake died in 1282.
DateLocationDescription
Baldwin Wake, knight (d. 1282) had been a rebellious baron under Henry III and was taken prisoner by Lord Edward at the siege of Kenilworth in 1265. The main seat of the Wakes at this time seems to have been at Bilsworth, Northamptonshire but they also had lands in Yorkshire and Bedfordshire. Baldwin's father Hugh Wake of Liddell, Sheriff of Yorkshire, died in Jerusalem about 1241 and various online genealogies gives a year of birth between 1236-8, which seems probable. His son John was to become Lord Wake Liddell in 1295.
'1264, when Stevington Manor passed to Hadwisa wife of Baldwin Wake, one of the daughters and co-heirs of Robert de Quincy. Baldwin Wake died in 1281–2, leaving a son John, and in 1284 Hadwisa Wake rendered feudal service for Stevington.' (VCH)
Hawisa de Quincy (c. 1250-c. 1295) dau Robert de Quincy, Lord of Ware (younger son of the 1st Earl of Winchester) and Helen ap Llywelyn (dau of Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, Prince of North Wales).
Lord Wake of Lidel.

Child of Baldwin Wake and Hawise de Quincy

John Wake

M, b. 1268, d. 1300
Father*Baldwin Wake b. b 1241, d. 1282
Mother*Hawise de Quincy
Life EventDateDescription
Birth1268John Wake was born in 1268.
He was the son of Baldwin Wake and Hawise de Quincy.
Marriagecirca 1291John Wake married Joan de Fiennes, daughter of William II de Fiennes and Blanche de Brienne, circa 1291.
Death1300John Wake died in 1300.

Children of John Wake and Joan de Fiennes

Joan de Fiennes

F, b. circa 1273, d. 1309
Father*William II de Fiennes b. c 1250, d. 11 Jul 1302
Mother*Blanche de Brienne b. c 1252, d. c 1302
Name TypeDateDescription
Married Namecirca 1291As of circa 1291,her married name was Wake.
Life EventDateDescription
Birthcirca 1273Joan de Fiennes was born circa 1273.
She was the daughter of William II de Fiennes and Blanche de Brienne.
Marriagecirca 1291Joan de Fiennes married John Wake, son of Baldwin Wake and Hawise de Quincy, circa 1291.
Death1309Joan de Fiennes died in 1309.

Children of Joan de Fiennes and John Wake

Margaret Wake

F, b. circa 1297, d. 29 September 1349
Father*John Wake b. 1268, d. 1300
Mother*Joan de Fiennes b. c 1273, d. 1309
Name TypeDateDescription
Married Namecirca 1312As of circa 1312,her married name was Comyn.
Married Name1325As of 1325,her married name was Plantagenet.
Married Name1325As of 1325,her married name was of Woodstock.
Life EventDateDescription
Birthcirca 1297Margaret Wake was born circa 1297.
She was the daughter of John Wake and Joan de Fiennes.
Marriagecirca 1312Margaret Wake married John Comyn, son of John Comyn, circa 1312.
Marriage1325Margaret Wake married Edmund Plantagenet, son of King Edward I of England and Margaret of France, in 1325.
Death29 September 1349Margaret Wake died on 29 September 1349.
DateLocationDescription
Margaret Wake (c. 1297 – 29 September 1349) was the wife of Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent.

She was the daughter of John Wake, 1st Baron Wake of Liddell, and was descended directly from Llywelyn the Great, Prince of Gwynedd. Her mother was Joan de Fiennes, making her a cousin of Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March.

Margaret married John Comyn (c. 1294-1314) around 1312, son of the John Comyn who was murdered by Robert the Bruce in 1306. Her husband John died at the Battle of Bannockburn, and their only child, Aymer Comyn (1314-1316) died as a toddler. She married for a second time, to Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent. They received a dispensation in October 1325, and the wedding probably took place at Christmas.

Through her marriage to Edmund (who was executed for treason in 1330), she was the mother of two short-lived Earls of Kent, of Margaret and Joan of Kent (wife of Edward, the Black Prince). The pregnant Margaret and her children were confined to Salisbury Castle, and her brother Thomas Wake was accused of treason but later pardoned. When King Edward III of England reached his majority and overthrew the regents, he took in Margaret and her children and treated them as his own family. She succeeded briefly as Baroness Wake of Liddell in 1349, but died during an outbreak of the plague that autumn.1

Children of Margaret Wake and Edmund Plantagenet

Citations

  1. [S369] Encyclopedia website, by compilation, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Wake,_3rd_Baroness_Wake_of_Liddell.

Margaret of France

F, b. 1279, d. 14 February 1318
Name TypeDateDescription
Married Name8 September 1299As of 8 September 1299,her married name was of England.
Life EventDateDescription
Birth1279Margaret of France was born in 1279.
Marriage8 September 1299She married King Edward I of England, son of King Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence, on 8 September 1299.
Death14 February 1318Margaret of France died on 14 February 1318.
DateLocationDescription
Margaret of France (1279 ?[1] – 14 February 1318[1]), a daughter of Philip III of France and Maria of Brabant, was Queen of England as the second wife of King Edward I of England.

Three years after the death of his beloved first wife, Eleanor of Castile, at the age of 49 in 1290, Edward I was still grieving. But news got to him of the beauty of Blanche, daughter of the late King Philip III. Edward decided that he would marry Blanche at any cost and sent out emissaries to negotiate the marriage with her half-brother, King Philip IV. It was also much to Edward's benefit to make peace with France to free him to pursue his wars in Scotland. Philip agreed to give Blanche to Edward on the following conditions:

A truce was concluded between the two countries.
Edward gave up the province of Gascony.
Edward agreed and sent his brother Edmund Crouchback, Earl of Lancaster, to fetch the new bride. Edward had been deceived, for Blanche was to be married to Rudolph III of Habsburg, the eldest son of King Albert I of Germany. Instead, Philip offered her younger sister Margaret, a young girl of 11, to marry Edward (then 55). Upon hearing this, Edward declared war on France, refusing to marry Margaret. After five years, a truce was agreed, under the terms of which Edward would marry Margaret, would regain the key city of Guienne, and receive £15,000 owed to Margaret.

Marguerite of France's arms as Queen consort[2]Edward was then 60 years old. The wedding took place at Canterbury on 8 September 1299. Marguerite was never crowned, being the first uncrowned queen since the Conquest.[3]

Edward soon returned to the Scottish border to continue his campaigns and left Margaret in London. After several months, bored and lonely, the young queen decided to join her husband. Nothing could have pleased the king more, for Margaret's actions reminded him of his first wife Eleanor, who had had two of her sixteen children abroad.

Margaret soon became firm friends with her stepdaughter Mary, a nun, who was two years older than the young queen. She and her stepson, Edward (who was two years younger than her), also became fond of each other: he once made her a gift of an expensive ruby and gold ring, and she on one occasion rescued many of the Prince's friends from the wrath of the King. In less than a year Margaret gave birth to a son, and then another a year later. It is said that many who fell under the king's wrath were saved from too stern a punishment by the queen's influence over her husband, and the statement, Pardoned solely on the intercession of our dearest consort, queen Margaret of England, appears.

The mismatched couple were blissfully happy. When Blanche died in 1305 (her husband never became Emperor), Edward ordered all the court to go into mourning to please his queen. He had realised the wife he had gained was "a pearl of great price". The same year Margaret gave birth to a girl, Eleanor, named in honour of Edward's first queen, a choice of which surprised many, and showed Margaret's unjealous nature.

In all, Margaret gave birth to three children:

Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk (1300 - 1338)
Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent (1301 – 1330)
Eleanor of England (4 May 1306 - 1311.)1

Child of Margaret of France and King Edward I of England

Citations

  1. [S369] Encyclopedia website, by compilation, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marguerite_of_France_(born_1282).

Maud Holland

F, b. after 1340
Father*Thomas Holland b. c 1314, d. 26 Dec 1360
Mother*Joan, The Fair Maid of Kent b. 29 Sep 1328, d. 7 Aug 1385
Name TypeDateDescription
Married NameHer married name was of Luxembourg.
Life EventDateDescription
Birthafter 1340Maud Holland was born after 1340.
She was the daughter of Thomas Holland and Joan, The Fair Maid of Kent.

Joan Holland

F, b. after 1340
Father*Thomas Holland b. c 1314, d. 26 Dec 1360
Mother*Joan, The Fair Maid of Kent b. 29 Sep 1328, d. 7 Aug 1385
Name TypeDateDescription
Married NameHer married name was of Brittany.
Life EventDateDescription
Birthafter 1340Joan Holland was born after 1340.
She was the daughter of Thomas Holland and Joan, The Fair Maid of Kent.

Edward, the Black Prince of England

M, b. 15 June 1330, d. 8 June 1376
Father*King Edward III of England b. 13 Nov 1312, d. 21 Jun 1377
Mother*Philippe de Hainaut b. 1314, d. 1369
Name TypeDateDescription
Name VariationEdward, the Black Prince of England was also known as Edward of Woodstock.
Life EventDateDescription
Birth15 June 1330Edward, the Black Prince of England was born on 15 June 1330.
He was the son of King Edward III of England and Philippe de Hainaut.
Marriage10 October 1361Edward, the Black Prince of England married Joan, The Fair Maid of Kent, daughter of Edmund Plantagenet and Margaret Wake, on 10 October 1361.
Death8 June 1376Edward, the Black Prince of England died on 8 June 1376 at age 45.
DateLocationDescription
Edward, Prince of Wales (15 June 1330 – 8 June 1376) was the eldest son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault, and father to King Richard II of England. He was called Edward of Woodstock in his early life, after his birthplace, and has more recently been popularly known as The Black Prince after the distinctive plate armour he would wear during campaigns. An exceptional military leader and popular during his life, Edward died one year before his father and thus never ruled as king (becoming the first English Prince of Wales to suffer that fate). The throne passed, instead, to his son Richard, a minor, upon the death of Edward III.

Edward was born on 15 June 1330 at Woodstock Palace in Oxfordshire. He was created Earl of Chester in 1333, Duke of Cornwall in 1337 (the first creation of an English duke) and finally invested as Prince of Wales in 1343. In England, Edward served as a symbolic regent for periods in 1339, 1340, and 1342 while Edward III was on campaign. He was expected to attend all council meetings, and he performed the negotiations with the papacy about the war in 1337.

Edward had been raised with his cousin Joan, "The Fair Maid of Kent."[1] Edward gained Innocent VI's papal permission and absolution for this marriage to a blood-relative (as had Edward III when marrying Philippa of Hainault, being her second cousin) and married Joan in 10 October 1361 at Windsor Castle, prompting some controversy, mainly because of Joan's chequered marital history and the fact that marriage to an Englishwoman wasted an opportunity to form an alliance with a foreign power.

When in England, Edward's chief residence was at Wallingford Castle in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire) or Berkhamsted Castle in Hertfordshire.

He served as the king's representative in Aquitaine, where he and Joan kept a court which was considered among the most brilliant[clarification needed] of the time. It was the resort of exiled kings, like James IV of Majorca and Peter of Castile.

Peter of Castile, thrust from his throne by his illegitimate brother, Henry of Trastámara, offered Edward the lordship of Biscay in 1367, in return for the Black Prince's aid in recovering his throne. Edward was successful in the Battle of Nájera in which he soundly defeated the combined French and Castilian forces led by Bertrand du Guesclin.

During this period, he fathered two sons: Edward (27 January 1365–1372), who died at the age of 6; and Richard, born in 1367 and often called Richard of Bordeaux for his place of birth, who would later rule as Richard II of England. He had at least two illegitimate sons, both born before his marriage: Sir Roger Clarendon and Sir John Sounder.[2]

The Black Prince returned to England in January 1371 and died a few years later after a long lasting illness that may have been cancer or multiple sclerosis.1

Children of Edward, the Black Prince of England and Joan, The Fair Maid of Kent

Citations

  1. [S369] Encyclopedia website, by compilation, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward,_the_Black_Prince.

Richard II of England

M, b. 6 January 1367, d. circa 14 February 1400
Father*Edward, the Black Prince of England b. 15 Jun 1330, d. 8 Jun 1376
Mother*Joan, The Fair Maid of Kent b. 29 Sep 1328, d. 7 Aug 1385
Life EventDateDescription
Birth6 January 1367Richard II of England was born on 6 January 1367.
He was the son of Edward, the Black Prince of England and Joan, The Fair Maid of Kent.
Deathcirca 14 February 1400Richard II of England died circa 14 February 1400.
DateLocationDescription
Richard II (6 January 1367 – c. 14 February 1400) was the eighth King of England of the House of Plantagenet. He ruled from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. Richard was a son of Edward, the Black Prince and was born during the reign of his grandfather, Edward III. At the age of four, Richard became second in line to the throne when his older brother Edward of Angoulême died, and heir apparent when his father died in 1376. With Edward III's death the following year, Richard succeeded to the throne at the age of ten.

During Richard's first years as king, government was in the hands of a series of councils. The political community preferred this to a regency led by the king's uncle, John of Gaunt, yet Gaunt remained highly influential. The first major challenge of the reign was the Peasants' Revolt in 1381, which the young king handled well, playing a major part in suppressing the rebellion. In the following years, however, the king's dependence on a small number of courtiers caused discontent in the political community, and in 1387 control of government was taken over by a group of noblemen known as the Lords Appellant. By 1389 Richard had regained control, and for the next eight years governed in relative harmony with his former opponents. Then, in 1397, he took his revenge on the appellants, many of whom were executed or exiled. The next two years have been described by historians as Richard's "tyranny". In 1399, after John of Gaunt died, the king disinherited Gaunt's son, Henry of Bolingbroke, who had previously been exiled. Henry invaded England in June 1399 with a small force that quickly grew in numbers. Though he claimed initially that his goal was only to reclaim his patrimony, it soon became clear that he intended to claim the throne for himself. Meeting little resistance, Bolingbroke deposed Richard and had himself crowned as King Henry IV. Richard died in captivity early the next year; he was probably murdered.

As an individual, Richard was tall, good-looking and intelligent. Though probably not insane, as earlier historians used to believe, he seems to have suffered from certain personality disorders, especially towards the end of his reign. Less of a warrior than either his father or grandfather, he sought to bring an end to the Hundred Years' War that Edward III had started. He was a firm believer in the royal prerogative, something which led him to restrain the power of his nobility, and rely on a private retinue for military protection instead. He also cultivated a courtly atmosphere where the king was an elevated figure, and art and culture were at the centre, in contrast to the fraternal, martial court of his grandfather. Richard's posthumous reputation has to a large extent been shaped by Shakespeare, whose play Richard II portrayed Richard's misrule and Bolingbroke's deposition as responsible for the fifteenth-century Wars of the Roses. Contemporary historians do not accept this interpretation, while not thereby exonerating Richard from responsibility for his own deposition. Most authorities agree that, even though his policies were not unprecedented or entirely unrealistic, the way in which he carried them out was unacceptable to the political establishment, and this led to his downfall.1

Citations

  1. [S369] Encyclopedia website, by compilation, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_of_England

Edward of Angoulême

M, b. after October 1361
Father*Edward, the Black Prince of England b. 15 Jun 1330, d. 8 Jun 1376
Mother*Joan, The Fair Maid of Kent b. 29 Sep 1328, d. 7 Aug 1385
Life EventDateDescription
Birthafter October 1361Edward of Angoulême was born after October 1361.
He was the son of Edward, the Black Prince of England and Joan, The Fair Maid of Kent.

Edmund Plantagenet

M, b. 1326, d. before 5 October 1331
Father*Edmund Plantagenet b. 1301, d. 1330
Mother*Margaret Wake b. c 1297, d. 29 Sep 1349
Life EventDateDescription
Birth1326Edmund Plantagenet was born in 1326.
He was the son of Edmund Plantagenet and Margaret Wake.
Deathbefore 5 October 1331Edmund Plantagenet died before 5 October 1331.

Margaret Plantagenet

F, b. 1327, d. 1352
Father*Edmund Plantagenet b. 1301, d. 1330
Mother*Margaret Wake b. c 1297, d. 29 Sep 1349
Name TypeDateDescription
Married NameHer married name was d'Albret.
Life EventDateDescription
Birth1327Margaret Plantagenet was born in 1327.
She was the daughter of Edmund Plantagenet and Margaret Wake.
Death1352Margaret Plantagenet died in 1352.

John Plantagenet

M, b. 7 April 1330, d. 26 December 1352
Father*Edmund Plantagenet b. 1301, d. 1330
Mother*Margaret Wake b. c 1297, d. 29 Sep 1349
Life EventDateDescription
Birth7 April 1330John Plantagenet was born on 7 April 1330.
He was the son of Edmund Plantagenet and Margaret Wake.
Death26 December 1352John Plantagenet died on 26 December 1352 at age 22.

Hugh Courtenay

M, b. 22 March 1327, d. 23 January 1360
Father*Hugh Courtenay b. 12 Jul 1303, d. 2 May 1377
Mother*Margaret De Bohun b. 3 Apr 1311, d. 16 Dec 1391
Life EventDateDescription
Birth22 March 1327Hugh Courtenay was born on 22 March 1327.
He was the son of Hugh Courtenay and Margaret De Bohun.
MarriageAugust 1341Hugh Courtenay married Elizabeth de Vere, daughter of John de Vere and Maud De Badlesmere, in August 1341.
Death23 January 1360Hugh Courtenay died on 23 January 1360 at at the Siege of Rheims at age 32.

William Courtenay

M, b. 1342, d. 31 July 1396
Father*Hugh Courtenay b. 12 Jul 1303, d. 2 May 1377
Mother*Margaret De Bohun b. 3 Apr 1311, d. 16 Dec 1391
Life EventDateDescription
Birth1342William Courtenay was born in 1342.
He was the son of Hugh Courtenay and Margaret De Bohun.
Death31 July 1396William Courtenay died on 31 July 1396.
DateLocationDescription
William Courtenay (c. 1342 – 31 July 1396), English prelate, was Archbishop of Canterbury, having previously been Bishop of Hereford and Bishop of London.

He was a younger son of Hugh de Courtenay, 10th Earl of Devon (d. 1377), and through his mother Margaret, daughter of Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford, was a great-grandson of Edward I.

Being a native of the west of England he was educated at Stapledon Hall, Oxford, and after graduating in law was chosen chancellor of the university in 1367. Courtenay's ecclesiastical and political career began about the same time. Having been made prebendary of Exeter, of Wells and of York, he was consecrated bishop of Hereford on 17 March 1370,[1] was translated to the see of London on 12 September 1375,[2] and became Archbishop of Canterbury on 30 July 1381, succeeding Simon of Sudbury in both these latter positions.[3]

As a politician the period of his activity coincides with the years of Edward III’s dotage, and with practically the whole of Richard II's reign. From the first he ranged himself among the opponents of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster; he was a firm upholder of the rights of the English Church, and was always eager to root out Lollardry. In 1373 he declared in convocation that he would not contribute to a subsidy until the evils from which the church suffered were removed; in 1375 he incurred the displeasure of the king by publishing a papal bull against the Florentines; and in 1377 his decided action during the quarrel between John of Gaunt and William of Wykeham ended in a temporary triumph for the bishop.

Wycliffe was another cause of difference between Lancaster and Courtenay. In 1377 the reformer appeared before Archbishop Sudbury and Courtenay, when an altercation between the duke and the bishop led to the dispersal of the court, and during the ensuing riot Lancaster probably owed his safety to the good offices of his foe. Having meanwhile become archbishop of Canterbury Courtenay summoned a synod, in London, the so-called "Earthquake Synod," which condemned the opinions of Wycliffe; he then attacked the Lollards at Oxford, and urged the bishops to imprison heretics.

He was for a short time chancellor of England during 1381,[4] and in January of 1382 he officiated at the marriage of Richard II with Anne of Bohemia, afterwards crowning the queen. In 1382 the archbishop’s visitation led to disputes with the bishops of Exeter and Salisbury, and Courtenay was only partially able to enforce the payment of a special tax to meet his expenses on this occasion. During his concluding years the archbishop appears to have upheld the papal authority in England, although not to the injury of the English Church.

He protested against the confirmation of the statute of provisors in 1390, and he was successful in slightly modifying the statute of praemunire in 1393. Disliking the extravagance of Richard II he publicly reproved the king, and after an angry scene the royal threats drove him for a time into Devon. In 1386 he was one of the commissioners appointed to reform the kingdom and the royal household, and in 1387 he arranged a peace between Richard and his enemies under Thomas of Woodstock, duke of Gloucester. Courtenay died at Maidstone on 31 July 1396,[3] and was buried towards the east end of the choir in Canterbury cathedral.1

Citations

  1. [S369] Encyclopedia website, by compilation.

Philip Courtenay

M, b. circa 1342, d. 29 July 1406
Father*Hugh Courtenay b. 12 Jul 1303, d. 2 May 1377
Mother*Margaret De Bohun b. 3 Apr 1311, d. 16 Dec 1391
Life EventDateDescription
Birthcirca 1342Philip Courtenay was born circa 1342.
He was the son of Hugh Courtenay and Margaret De Bohun.
Death29 July 1406Philip Courtenay died on 29 July 1406.

Blanche Plantagenet

F, d. 1380
Father*Henry Plantagenet b. c 1281, d. 22 Sep 1345
Mother*Maud Chaworth b. 1282, d. b Dec 1322
Name TypeDateDescription
Married Namebefore 1317As of before 1317,her married name was Wake.
Life EventDateDescription
Blanche Plantagenet was the daughter of Henry Plantagenet and Maud Chaworth.
Marriagebefore 1317Blanche Plantagenet married Thomas Wake, son of John Wake and Joan de Fiennes, before 1317.
Death1380Blanche Plantagenet died in 1380.

Thomas Wake

M, b. 1297, d. 31 May 1349
Father*John Wake b. 1268, d. 1300
Mother*Joan de Fiennes b. c 1273, d. 1309
Life EventDateDescription
Birth1297Thomas Wake was born in 1297.
He was the son of John Wake and Joan de Fiennes.
Marriagebefore 1317Thomas Wake married Blanche Plantagenet, daughter of Henry Plantagenet and Maud Chaworth, before 1317.
Death31 May 1349Thomas Wake died on 31 May 1349.
DateLocationDescription
Thomas Wake, 2nd Baron Wake of Liddell (1297 – 31 May 1349), English baron, belonged to a Lincolnshire family which had lands also in Cumberland, being the son of John Wake (died 1300), who was summoned to parliament as a baron in 1295, and the grandson of Baldwin Wake (died 1282), both warriors of repute.

Among Thomas Wake's guardians were Piers Gaveston and Henry, Earl of Lancaster, whose daughter Blanche (d. 1380) he married before 1317. This lady was the niece of Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, and her husband was thus attached to the Lancastrian party, but he did not follow Earl Thomas in the proceedings which led to his death in 1322. Hating the favourites of Edward II Wake joined Queen Isabella in 1326 and was a member of the small council which advised the young king, Edward III; soon, however, he broke away from the queen and her ally, Roger Mortimer, and in conjunction with his father-in-law, now earl of Lancaster, he joined the malcontent barons.

He was possibly implicated in the plot which cost his brother-in-law, Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent, his life in 1330, and he fled to France, returning to England after the overthrow of Isabella and Mortimer. Edward III made him governor of the Channel Islands and he assisted Edward Bruce to invade Scotland, being afterwards sent on an errand to France. In 1341 he incurred the displeasure of the king and was imprisoned, but he had been restored and had been employed in Brittany and elsewhere when he died childless.

His estates passed to his sister Margaret (d. 1349), widow of Edmund, Earl of Kent, and her son John, 3rd Earl of Kent (d. 1352), and later to the Roland family. Wake founded a monastery Haltemprice Priory for the Austin canons at Newton near Cottingham, East Riding of Yorkshire where he is buried.1

Citations

  1. [S369] Encyclopedia website, by compilation, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Wake

John Comyn

M, d. 1314
Father*John Comyn d. 1306
Life EventDateDescription
John Comyn was the son of John Comyn.
Marriagecirca 1312John Comyn married Margaret Wake, daughter of John Wake and Joan de Fiennes, circa 1312.
Death1314John Comyn died in 1314.

Hugh Wake

M, d. 1241
Life EventDateDescription
Marriagebefore 1240Hugh Wake married Joan de Stuteville, daughter of Nicholas de Stuteville, before 1240.
Death1241Hugh Wake died in 1241.
DateLocationDescription
Sheriff of Yorkshire, who died on Crusade in Jerusalem in 1241.

Child of Hugh Wake and Joan de Stuteville

Nicholas de Stuteville

M
DateLocationDescription
Lord of Cottenham and Liddell.

Child of Nicholas de Stuteville